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👉 The vacuole is the membrane bound space found in the cytoplasm. It contains water, sap, excretory product and other materials not useful for the cell.
👉 The vacuole is bound by single membrane called tonoplast.
👉 In plant cells the vacuoles can occupy up to 90% of the volume of the cell.
👉 In plants, the tonoplast facilitates the transport of a number of ions and other materials against concentration gradients into the vacuole, hence their concentration is significantly higher in the vacuole than in the cytoplasm.
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👉 In Amoeba the contractile vacuole is important for excretion. In many cells, as in protists, food vacuoles are formed by engulfing the food particles.
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